Alloy for bearing metals.



ENRIQUE A. TOUCEDA, OF

ALBANY, NEW roan ALLOY FOB BEARING METALS.

To all'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ENRIQUE A. Touonna, a citizen of the United States, residing at Albany, in the county of Albany and State of New York, have invented certain new and .useful Improvements in Alloys for Bearing Metals; and I do hereby declare the followmg to be a; full, clear, and exact description of the. invention, such as will enable others skilled inthe art to which it appertains to make and use the same. 1

This invention relates to certainnew and useful improvements in alloys for white bear- 111% meta s.

t is well known by those familiar with the composition and uses of a bearing metal-that it should ossess First. oftness, that is, ability to adapt itself to the irregularities of thejournal-surfaces with which it is in contact, and consequently to run at a low temperature.

Second. As fine a grain as possible coincident with the greatest possible toughness and hardness. This means high pressure capacity, resistance to shock and vibration, low coflicient of friction, and durability.

Third. Fusibility and fluidity in order that sharp and homogeneous castings may be produced, and

Fourth. Cheapness.

It has been stated by one of the highest authorities engaged in the manufacture of white bearing metals that the ideal bearing metal will be attained'when it combines in the greatest degree the softyiel properties of lead, with the toughness and ardness of copper etc. -It is recognized'by all of those qualified to express an opinion upon the subject that if lead could be made to remain in lace it would be en erior as a bearing meta to any other meta or combination of metals known.

In the manufacture of ale as at present racticed it is usual to. employ lead and to arden the same by the adition of antimony. While the addition of antimony hardens the lead, it not only makes the grain coarser, but each er cent. of addition rapidly decreases its ductility until a conditio is reached where the alloy is extremely rittle. This result and condition is well known to those skilled in the art and hence many endeavors. have been made to discover a substitute which should be free from this efi'ect. With this end in view it has been suggested to add both antimony Specification oi Letters Patent. applieatlon flled November 27, 1907. Serial No. 01,160.

white bearing met-' Patented Sept. 1, 1908.

the lead with the dual ob tect of bar ening and toughening the lead, ut where h speed and pressure, or high speed combine with shock and vibration are met with, it has been found that such an alloy will have but a short life. service therefore, it has been found necessary to substitute for the lead in whole or in part, tin, which with the antimony and the cop er produces a finer grained and tougher a1 oy though at-considerablyincreased cost owing to the fact of tin being worth many times the value of lead.

It may than 99% manufactured and in use;are composed of some combination of the four metals hereinand co per to before named, and of these four antimony is the one essential constituent.

My invention has for its object the production of a white bearing metal which shall possess all of the recognized good antifriction properties of lead, with the additional properties of hardness and toughness, and with For this class of this end in view my invention consists of an I alloy composed of lead and cadmium.

Many experiments in service and laboratory tests demonstrate the facts that no practical benefit is obtained from the cadmium addition, when hardenin and toughening are considered, if the ca 'um addition be less than 2.75% of the lead or other metals that ma be used in the alloy. When the alloy is ma e u with this percentage of cadmium it is suita le only for, the low pressure low speed work, free from shock, but it outwears more costly bearings that are considered suits ble for the same purpose. For higher s eeds and greater loads, the cadmlum a dition must be increased for the reason that the alloy must be made harder to withstand the increased load and speed.

The cadmium addition for these cases should be in the neighborhood of 8%. For these same speeds and loads, but when the bearing speed maintained, due to shock and hard service thecadmium must be increased to and on heavier cars to 18%. For exservice where the load, speed tremely heavy and shock are very severe, the cadmium ad dition must preponderate over the lead or lead and other metals.

/ tune on the subject is old and well known.

Having given the'percentages of cadmium necessary under the conditions recited for securing the desired hardness and toughness of the alloy, I shall hereinafter refer to the percentage to be employed as sufficient to produce the desiredresult.

- I have found from practical ex erience that even in those instances where t e serv: ice is extremely drastic and severe, and where only those babbitts in which'the base Was all tin would stand for any len th' of time, and where babbitts with an a lead base could not be used owing to rapid failure, that bearings composed of lead hardened and toughened with cadmium have power to be quite 'as much superior to an all tin base, as the latter is to the all lead base, when these two metals were hardened and toughened with cop er and antimony. I have found further, t at an alloy such as I have produced in which lead is used in whole or in part as the base, that such base is made arder, stiffer and tougher by the addition of cadmium and is therefore capable of sustain ing more weight per square inch of bearin In the manufacture of my improved alloy a percentage of cadmium sufficient to harden and toughen the lead is employed, the hardness increasing with the percentage of cadmiumadded. For instance the percentage of cadmium should be adjusted for the character of service desired .of the bearing, and I therefore wish it to be understood. that my invention resides broadly in an alloy com- .mium-in any such alloys, in such While lead alone with a percentage of cadmium sufficient to toughen and harden the lead as hereinbefpre explained produces an alloy ada tedfor use wherever a white bearing meta is required, I desire it to be especially understood that I do not confine myself to the ,use of the two bodies named, but

that I may appl the cadmium to any combination of meta s heretofore used to produce alloys for white bearing metals, or to any combination of metals which may hereinafter be emplo residing broad y in the Incorporation of cadercentage as will produce the hardening and toughenin eflect upon the lead constituent,

avin described my invention so that ed, the spirit of my invention those s ed in the-art may know how to roduce the improved alloy and appreciate a of its advantages, what I claim as new and desire-to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A bearing composed of an alloy of lead and cadmium. 1

2. A bearing composed of an allo composed of lead and cadmium, in which the ead predominates.

3.- A bearing composed of an alloy one of whose in edients is lead, toughened and hardened y the presence of cadmium.

4. A- bearing composed of an alloy of lead and other metals, said alloy being hardened and toughened by the presence of cadmium" 5. A bearing metal composed of an alloy I whose base is lead, hardened and toughened by the presence of cadmium.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribin witnesses.

NRIQUE A. TOUOEDA. Witnesses:

- D. G. STUART, JNo. J. HARROWER. 

